Java and JavaScript
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Another significant advance in the technology was Sun Microsystems'
Java programming language. It initially enabled Web servers to embed
small programs (called applets) directly into the information being
served, and these applets would run on the end-user's computer,
allowing faster and richer user interaction. Eventually, it came to
be more widely used as a tool for generating complex server-side
content as it is requested. Java never gained as much acceptance as
Sun had hoped as a platform for client-side applets for a variety of
reasons, including lack of integration with other content (applets
were confined to small boxes within the rendered page) and poor
performance (particularly start up delays) of Java VMs on PC
hardware of that time. |
JavaScript, however, is a scripting language that was developed for
Web pages. The standardized version is ECMAScript. While its name is
similar to Java, it was developed by Netscape and not Sun
Microsystems, and it has almost nothing to do with Java, with the
only exception being that like Java its syntax is derived from the C
programming language. Like Java, JavaScript is also object oriented
but like C++ and unlike Java, it allows mixed code - both object
oriented as well as procedural. In conjunction with the Document
Object Model, JavaScript has become a much more powerful language
than its creators originally envisioned. Sometimes its usage is
expressed under the term Dynamic HTML (DHTML), to emphasize a shift
away from static HTML pages.
Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML) is a JavaScript-based
technology that may have a significant effect on the development of
the World Wide Web. By providing a method where only part of a page
need be updated when required, rather than the whole thing, Ajax
allows such updates to be much faster and more efficient. Ajax is
seen as an important aspect of Web 2.0. Examples of Ajax techniques
currently in use can be seen in Gmail, Google Maps etc.
The Web, as it stands today, has allowed global interpersonal
exchange on a scale unprecedented in human history. People separated
by vast distances, or even large amounts of time, can use the Web to
exchange — or even mutually develop — their most intimate and
extensive thoughts, or alternately their most casual attitudes and
spirits. Emotional experiences, political ideas, cultural customs,
musical idioms, business advice, artwork, photographs, literature,
can all be shared and disseminated digitally with less individual
investment than ever before in human history. Although the existence
and use of the Web relies upon material technology, which comes with
its own disadvantages, its information does not use physical
resources in the way that libraries or the printing press have.
Therefore, propagation of information via the Web (via the Internet,
in turn) is not constrained by movement of physical volumes, or by
manual or material copying of information. And by virtue of being
digital, the information of the Web can be searched more easily and
efficiently than any library or physical volume, and vastly more
quickly than a person could retrieve information about the world by
way of physical travel or by way of mail, telephone, telegraph, or
any other communicative medium.
The Web is the most far-reaching and extensive medium of personal
exchange to appear on Earth. It has probably allowed many of its
users to interact with many more groups of people, dispersed around
the planet in time and space, than is possible when limited by
physical contact or even when limited by every other existing medium
of communication combined.
Because the Web is global in scale, some have suggested that it will
nurture mutual understanding on a global scale. By definition or by
necessity, the Web has such a massive potential for social exchange,
it has the potential to nurture empathy and symbiosis, but it also
has the potential to incite belligerence on a global scale, or even
to empower demagogues and repressive regimes in ways that were
historically impossible to achieve. |
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