Basic terms
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The World Wide Web is the combination of four basic ideas:Hypertext, that is the ability, in a computer environment, to move
from one part of a document to another or from one document to
another through internal connections among these documents (called
"hyperlinks");
Resource Identifiers, that is the ability, on a computer network, to
locate a particular resource (computer, document or other resource)
on the network through a unique identifier;
The Client-server model of computing, in which client software or a
client computer makes requests of server software or a server
computer that provides the client with resources or services, such
as data or files; and
Markup language, in which characters or codes embedded in text
indicate to a computer how to print or display the text, e.g. as in
italics or bold type or font.
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On the World Wide Web, a client program called a web browser
retrieves information resources, such as web pages and other
computer files, from web servers using their network addresses and
displays them, typically on a computer monitor, using a markup
language that determines the details of the display. One can then
follow hyperlinks in each page to other resources on the World Wide
Web of information whose location is provided by these hyperlinks.
It is also possible, for example by filling in and submitting web
forms, to send information back to the server to interact with it.
The act of following hyperlinks is often called "browsing" or
"surfing" the Web. Web pages are often arranged in collections of
related material called "websites."
The phrase "surfing the Internet" was first popularized in print by
Jean Armour Polly, a librarian, in an article called Surfing the
INTERNET, published in the Wilson Library Bulletin in June, 1992.
Although Polly may have developed the phrase independently, slightly
earlier uses of similar terms have been found on the Usenet from
1991 and 1992, and some recollections claim it was also used
verbally in the hacker community for a couple years before that.
Polly is famous as "NetMom" in the history of the Internet.
For more information on the distinction between the World Wide Web
and the Internet itself — as in everyday use the two are sometimes
confused — see Dark internet where this is discussed in more detail.
Although the English word worldwide is normally written as one word
(without a space or hyphen), the proper name World Wide Web and
abbreviation WWW are now well-established even in formal English.
The earliest references to the Web called it the World Wide Web (an
example of computer programmers' fondness for intercaps) or the
World-Wide Web (with a hyphen, this version of the name is the
closest to normal English usage).
Ironically, the abbreviation "WWW" is somewhat impractical as it
contains three times as many syllables as the full term "World Wide
Web", and thus takes longer to say; however it is easier to type.
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